The Arctic as a resource base
What’s wrong with Russia’s official documents on the Arctic.
News
Publish date: January 11, 2009
News
In fish farming where you find fish in large concentrations you will get problems with disease. To deal with disease outbreaks, a number of measures such as various medications are used. Farmers use pharmaceuticals to treat bacterial diseases, sea lice and other parasites. The following table summarizes the type of medication and amount used per year.
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
|
Antibacterial agents |
1044 | 556 | 671 | 591 | 685 | 645 | 1219 | 805 | 1159 | 1215 | 1428 | 649 |
Anesthesia agents |
593 | 781 | 689 | 524 | 864 | 944 | 1328 | 1201 | 1240 | 1360 | 1623 | 1914 |
Endo- and ectoparasites |
1904 | 2507 | 2119 | 732 | 800 | 648 | 669 | 759 | 854 | 678 | 797 | 721 |
Total | 3541 | 3843 | 3479 | 1847 | 2349 | 2237 | 3216 | 2764 | 3252 | 3253 | 3848 | 3284 |
Source: The Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Antibacterials (per kg active ingredient)
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
|
Florfenicol |
109 | 205 | 154 | 111 | 202 | 302 | 139 |
Flumequin |
7 | 5 | 60 | 4 | 28 | 7 | 18 |
Lincomycin/ Spectinomycin (1:2) |
– | – | – | – | – | 50 | 67 |
Oxytetracycline |
12 | 11 | 45 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 19 |
Oxolinic acid |
517 | 998 | 546 | 1035 | 977 | 1119 | 406 |
Total |
645 | 1219 | 805 | 1159 | 1215 | 1478 | 649 |
Anaesthetics (per kg active ingredient)
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
|
Benzocaine* |
500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 400 | 700 |
Chlorbutanol |
1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Metacaine |
440 | 827 | 699 | 737 | 960 | 1216 | 1214 |
Isoeugenol** |
3 | 1 | 1,5 | 2,5 | – | 6,5 | 0 |
*calculated sales for fish breeding. Benzocaine is also used in human medicine.
**Isoeugenol is only used for research.
Sea lice treatment (per kg active ingredient)
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
|
Cypermethrin |
69 | 62 | 59 | 55 | 45 | 49 | 30 |
Deltamethrin |
19 | 23 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 23 | 29 |
Teflubenzuron |
28 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Emamectin |
12 | 20 | 23 | 32 | 39 | 60 | 73 |
Total |
128 | 105 | 98 | 104 | 100 | 132 | 132 |
Anthelmintics (per kg active ingredient)
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
|
Fenbenadazole |
21 | 8 | 2 | 23 | 78 | 27 | 1 |
Praziquantel |
100 | 152 | 232 | 412 | 122 | 145 | 94 |
Total |
121 | 160 | 234 | 435 | 200 | 172 | 95 |
Fungicides (kg active substance)
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
|
Bronopol |
392 | 396 | 422 | 314 | 377 | 492 | 493 |
Malachite green |
7 | 8 | 4,5* | 0,7* | 0,9* | 0,9* | 0,8* |
Total |
399 | 404 | 427 | 315 | 378 | 493 | 494 |
*Has not been used in production of fish for human consumption.
What’s wrong with Russia’s official documents on the Arctic.
As uranium supplies from Russia fall under the shadow of potential sanctions, and while Ukraine’s allies look to wean themselves off nuclear fuel produced by Moscow’s Rosatom corporation, owners of left-for-dead mines in the US are looking to revive their deposits.
The European Union doubled its purchases of Russian nuclear fuel in 2023, data from Eurostat and the UN’s international trade service Comtrade show.
The output of Russian nuclear power plants in 2023 decreased by 2.8% compared to 2022. A decrease in output occurred for the first time in 10 years a...