Four Demands for a Successful Long-Term Negative Emissions Strategy in Germany
To ensure that Germany achieves its goal of climate neutrality by 2045, negative emissions are necessary, as depicted in the global IPCC scenarios.
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Publish date: December 1, 1998
Written by: Igor Kudrik
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Zvezda naval yard in the Russian Far East is currently decommissioning two nuclear-powered submarines funded by the U.S. through the CTR. The 1999 contract presumes scrapping of three more submarines, possibly four, according to Zvezda manager Yury Maslukov.
Maslukov declared his retirement earlier this year, referring to his inability to fulfil salary payback promises given to his employees. He came back later, inspired by some money paid to the yard by the CTR.
According to Maslukov, negotiations with the CTR officials started back in May this year. "We did not sign the contract at that time as we were not satisfied with the prices," said Maslukov to Vladivostok Daily. "Today the deal has been reconsidered. Good contract – good prices," adds Maslukov.
Nerpa yard satisfied as well
Nerpa shipyard, located at the Kola Peninsula, is cutting three submarines this year, funded by the CTR. One more submarine is to be negotiated. According to Nerpa employees, the money provided by the U.S. helped to cover salary arrears for the three summer months and September. At Nerpa’s water area there are reportedly two Delta-class submarines and one Victor.
CTR forced to look into spent fuel issue
To accelerate decommissioning of the Russian submarines, funding of the actual scrapping is in itself not sufficient. Spent nuclear fuel extracted from the submarine reactors has to be placed somewhere. This poses a serious problem, as the Navy’s storage capacities are full. To ensure that the decommissioning is not hampered by this factor, the CTR has apparently agreed to fund the repair works on one of the service vessels assigned to the Pacific Fleet and designed for defuelling of submarines and temporary storage of spent fuel. In July this year, representatives of the U.S. Department of Defence visited the Mayak reprocessing plant in Siberia to discuss possibilities for handling spent nuclear fuel from the dismantled submarines in the Pacific Fleet.
Nerpa yard at the Kola Peninsula will apparently receive metal-concrete casks to store temporary spent fuel unloaded from the submarines on site. However, neither the funding sources to this project nor the project itself are yet clearly defined. In May 1997, Nerpa put to work a plasma torch for cutting the tempered steel hull plates of submarines – machinery funded through the CTR. The original plans considered the machinery part of a larger complex including a land-based dock with special submarines dismantling equipment. The complex, which was due to be commissioned back in 1996, is still only 50% complete.
To ensure that Germany achieves its goal of climate neutrality by 2045, negative emissions are necessary, as depicted in the global IPCC scenarios.
A survey of events in the field of nuclear and radiation safety relating to Russia and Ukraine.
Transport on the Northern Sea Route is not sustainable, and Kirkenes must not become a potential hub for transport along the Siberian coast. Bellona believes this is an important message Norway should deliver in connection with the Prime Minister's visit to China. In an open letter to Jonas Gahr Støre, Bellona asks the Prime Minister to make it clear that the Chinese must stop shipping traffic through the Northeast Passage.
The International Atomic Energy Agency has published a new report on its efforts to ensure nuclear safety and security during the conflict in Ukraine, with the agency’s director-general warning that the situation at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station remains “precarious and very fragile.”