Lithuania is at the centre of regional electricity projects. In 1974 Soviet planners decided to build the Ignalina nuclear power plant at Visaginas with two RBMK-1500 reactors. After commissioning in 1985 and 1987, the huge plant’s reactors supplied a total of 2760 MWe to the region.

After the end of Soviet control, Lithuania became a powerful regional energy exporter, thanks to the inherited plant which generated 80% of the country’s electricity. However, under plans to join the European Union (EU), agreements were made to shut down the Ignalina units, which do not meet EU safety standards. Lithuania joined the EU on 1 May 2004, shutting down unit 1 at the end of that year. Unit 2 is set for shutdown in 2009.

Given their shared history and a looming electricity shortfall, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia signed a memorandum of understanding in 2006 to build a new nuclear power plant at the Ignalina site.

Now Poland has strongly signalled its firm intent to join the project: "Poland hopes that, in cooperation with the Lithuanian government, this deal will be finalised and signed as soon as possible. We are very interested in this project," said Anna Fotyga, Poland’s foreign minister. Reportedly, a deal could be signed in December.

Jonas Gilinas of Kaunas University of Technology said last year: "The construction of a new power plant on the Ignalina site, as well as the integration of electricity and gas networks into the European energy system is the most attractive way of solving problems of secure supply, energy independence and reduction of contamination of the environment."

Separate reports have indicated that General Electric (GE) have been invited to submit a bid for a new project at Ignalina. GE developed the boiling water reactor (BWR) in the 1950s and now offer two models, the 1500 MWe Advanced BWR (ABWR) and the 1550 MWe Economic Simplified BWR (ESBWR). Four ABWRs operate in Japan while four are planned for the USA and two are under construction at Lungmen in Taiwan. Three ESBWRs are planned for the USA.

Atomstroyexport of Russia is known to have presented details of its AES92 VVER-1000 pressurised water reactor (PWR) to officials, while Areva of France is offering its 1600 MWe European PWR (EPR). Two VVER-1000 reactors are under construction in India, with four more planned while one is being built in Iran. Areva are working to construct one EPR in Finland, and another in France. Up to four EPRs are planned for the USA, world-nuclear-news.org reported.