Balancing competitiveness and climate objectives: Bellona Europa’s insights on the Draghi Report
Introduction Competitiveness has been the dominating topic in EU political discussions in recent months and is set to be a key focus of the upcomi...
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Ten different stages have been described in the life cycle of the salmon louse. Each stage is separated by a moult (two naupliar stages, one copepodite, four chalimus, 2 pre-adult and one adult stage) (Johannessen 1978; Johnsen & Albright 1991a, b; Schram 1993).
We can further divide the louse’s life cycle into two phases, a free-swimming planktonic phase and a parasitic phase (Tully, O. et al. 2002).The two naupliar stages and the copepodite stage swim freely in the water, thus spreading the parasite. The fish is infested by the copepodite, which attaches itself with two pairs of antennae and then with a chitin thread, before it moults and becomes a chalimus 1 (Heuch P.A. et al., 1999). During the four chalimus stages the parasite clings tightly to the fish with the aid of the chitin thread. The pre-adult and adult stages can move freely on the fish. A female can make at least eleven pairs of egg strings, each with several hundred eggs, after a fertilisation. In experiments, females were seen living for 140 days after reaching the adult stage (at 7oC), and everything indicates that they overwinter on the host and cause new infestations in the spring (Heuch & Schram, 1999). In female L. salmonis researchers have observed that the egg strings were replaced already 24 hours after having released the previous brood of naupliar larvae (Johannesen, 1978).
Introduction Competitiveness has been the dominating topic in EU political discussions in recent months and is set to be a key focus of the upcomi...
Russia is a world leader in the construction of nuclear power plants abroad. Despite the sanctions pressure on Russia since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, its nuclear industry has remained virtually untouched.
Today, the Bellona Foundation is launching the establishment of the Center for Marine Restoration in Kabelvåg, Lofoten. At the same time, collaboration agreements related to the center were signed with Norrøna, the University of Tromsø, the Lofoten Council and Blue Harvest Technologies
To ensure that Germany achieves its goal of climate neutrality by 2045, negative emissions are necessary, as depicted in the global IPCC scenarios.